Latin study reference
Latin Sum (To Be): grammar reference
Study Latin sum (to be): Infinitives & commands, Uses, Latin verb. Reference tables, labeled forms, and interactive practice.
Infinitives & commands
| Type | Form |
|---|---|
| Present infinitive | esse |
| Perfect infinitive | fuisse |
| Future infinitive | futūrus esse / fore |
| Present command sg. / pl. | es / este |
| Future command sg. / 2nd pl. | estō / estōte |
| Future command 3rd pl. | suntō |
Uses
| Pattern | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Linking verb | puella laeta est | the girl is happy |
| Dative of possession | mihi liber est | I have a book |
| Perfect passive | amātus sum | I have been loved |
| Possum + infinitive | possum legere | I can read |
Forms and model charts
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Sources and scope
Selected reference content from the Word Radicals curriculum, shared with the iOS app. Model forms illustrate patterns; they do not give every form of every word.
Allen & Greenough: Latin Grammar · Bennett: New Latin Grammar