Latin study reference
Latin Participles: grammar reference
Study Latin participles: Four participial patterns, Time relative to main verb, Ablative absolute, Adjective · all genders. Reference tables, labeled forms, and…
Four participial patterns
| Type | Form | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Present active | amāns, amantis | loving |
| Perfect passive | amātus, -a, -um | having been loved |
| Future active | amātūrus, -a, -um | about to love |
| Gerundive | amandus, -a, -um | to be loved |
Time relative to main verb
| Participle | Time | Declension |
|---|---|---|
| Present | Same time | 3rd |
| Perfect | Earlier | 1st / 2nd |
| Future | Later | 1st / 2nd |
| Gerundive | Obligation / suitability | 1st / 2nd |
Agree in gender, number, and case. Deponent perfect participles usually mean active action.
Ablative absolute
| Pattern | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Noun + perfect participle | urbe captā | after the city was taken |
| Noun + present participle | sōle oriente | as the sun rises |
| Noun + noun | Caesare duce | with Caesar as leader |
Forms and model charts
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- Alphabet & Pronunciation
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- Adjectives & Adverbs
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- Mood Forms
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- Irregular Verbs
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- Gerund, Gerundive & Supine
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- Abbreviations
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Sources and scope
Selected reference content from the Word Radicals curriculum, shared with the iOS app. Model forms illustrate patterns; they do not give every form of every word.
Allen & Greenough: Latin Grammar · Bennett: New Latin Grammar