Latin study reference
Latin Clauses & Sequence of Tenses: grammar reference
Study Latin clauses & sequence of tenses: Clause patterns, Sequence of tenses, Conditions. Reference tables, labeled forms, and interactive practice.
Clause patterns
| Clause | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | ut / nē + Subj. | ut discat |
| Result | ut / ut nōn + Subj. | ut nōn timeat |
| Indirect question | Question word + Subj. | quid faciat |
| Circumstantial cum | cum + Subj. | cum venīret |
| Temporal cum | Often indicative | cum venit |
Sequence of tenses
| Main verb | Same / later | Earlier |
|---|---|---|
| Primary | Present Subj. | Perfect Subj. |
| Secondary | Imperfect Subj. | Pluperfect Subj. |
Primary: present/future. Secondary: historical past. Result clauses can differ.
Conditions
| Type | If-clause | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|
| Simple | Indicative | Indicative |
| Future more vivid | Future / future perfect | Future |
| Future less vivid | Present Subj. | Present Subj. |
| Present contrary-to-fact | Imperfect Subj. | Imperfect Subj. |
| Past contrary-to-fact | Pluperfect Subj. | Pluperfect Subj. |
Mixed conditions use the tense needed for each clause.
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Sources and scope
Selected reference content from the Word Radicals curriculum, shared with the iOS app. Model forms illustrate patterns; they do not give every form of every word.
Allen & Greenough: Latin Grammar · Bennett: New Latin Grammar